Showing posts with label e-Learning Course Design. Show all posts
Showing posts with label e-Learning Course Design. Show all posts

Friday, April 05, 2013

Putting an e-Learning Course on Auto-pilot

As I will be overseas at a conference and perhaps unable to access the Internet for some days, I had to consider how to look after the students in my on-line ICT Sustainability course. Obviously, there is a second lecturer, as with any course, to step in. But I took the opportunity to see how much of the course routine could be automated. This also requires dealing with the confronting fact that much of what a teacher does the students do not notice or value.
  1. De-clutter the course page:  On-line courses can suffer from confusing content. Moodle in particular has by default one long web page, which can result in all the important information disappearing off the bottom of the screen. I arranged the course page with future modules hidden until the week they are presented. Each week I would manually reveal them. But even so I realized I had a paragraph of summary text for each module which took up space, but was not really needed. So I put this text in the HTML "TITLE" tag of the module name. This way the description will popup when the student puts their pointer over the title. Also I put a hypertext link on the title to the relevant section of the course e-book, for student who wants to read ahead. This way students can prepare for later sections of the course, but are not confronted with a lot of intimidating looking material they do not need to worry about yet.
  2. Set dates on the weekly content, so it will be revealed automatically each week: Rather than manually reveal the content of the module each week, I used the feature of Moodle which allows this to be hidden until a set date. Unfortunally Moodle does not seem to have a way to do this by default. If using a weekly course format, it would seem logical to have a way to hide each week's content until that week starts. But instead I had to set a date on each item of content for the week. This does allow for fine tuning, as I actually reveal the new week's work on Saturday, although the course weeks officially starts on the Monday (some students students like to get a head start working on the weekend).
  3. Set dates for assignment and survey reminders: Normally I would post a reminder a few weeks before assignments are due and a stronger one in the final week. I was able to use the same hide feature to automate these as well.  Also I included a reminder to do fill in the student feedback survey in the final week. One problem is that these reminders only appear on the web page. There does not seem to be any easy way to have them sent as notifications to students (such as by email).
These may sound like obvious and easy steps to take. But getting automated reveals to work is error prone. It could be very confusing for students if the forum needed to post their work does not appear at the right time, or the notes to help them disappear.

It would be interesting to take this automated approach further. As an example, the weekly marks for student forum postings could be changed from tutor to student peer assessment. This just requires a simple change in the Moodle settings. The education research literature shows that peer assessment is at least as good as tutor assessment. But would require providing the students with more guidelines on how to peer assess.

It may hurt my pride as an educator, I suspect that student's learning will not suffer from such automation. Feedback for common problems (such as forgetting to contribute to weekly forums) could be automated and also perhaps an automatic  "congratulations" to students getting top marks. While education forums are full of discussion of MOOCs with video lectures and highly sophisticated AI feedback, I suspect it is these simple techniques which will make the difference.

On the subject of Massive Open On-line Courses, after giving my "MOOCs with Books" talk at CPUG last night, I popped into the computer student club room next to the famous room N101 at the ANU Research School of Computer Science. Several of the students mentioned how they were taking MOOCs, as part of their ANU degree. There seem to be some informal arrangements where lecturers agree students can do a MOOC instead of part of the ANU course. Obviously the student would still have to provide evidence of their learning at the end of the course, as most MOOCs have no formal assessment. But this shows the students are leading the way with new educational techniques, and the staff have much to learn from them.

Thursday, March 14, 2013

Software for MOOCs

After looking at the technology and techniques used for MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), it would be useful to see if these could be applied to the ordinary e-learning courses I run and in turn if those courses could be adapted to MOOCs. My courses are already on-line and open (in the sense that anyone can download the content. They are not "Massive" in that they are designed to have a human tutor interact with the students, which is not feasible with hundreds of thousands of students (especially were the students are not paying for the course and thus there are not funds to pay for the tutor). Also it is not clear if the Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) will support large numbers of students (especially where the students are no paying for the course and so there are not funds for a large server).

Course Releases

The issue of supporting large numbers of students on a server should be able to be dealt with by using project management techniques applied in software development. Software is carefully planned, tested and released in versions: you do not simply make changes and hope for the best. Similarly courses which have large number of students can't be developed in an ad-hoc way. A change in a course will effect hundreds of thousands of students and so needs to be carefully tested before release. This then allows the LMS to be more efficient. An LMS, such as Moodle, is designed on the assumption that the tutor may make a change to a course at any time and that change has to be instantly reflected in the live system. Also it is assumed the student will be supplied with the latest live content interactively.

An LMS could instead use a "release" approach, where changes are made in a test environment and then "released". The student would be advised of the new release and may have to download a new module (or their computer will do that automatically). This way the student does not need to interact continuously with the LMS, instead they work on a downloaded module and upload their contribution. This would greatly lessen the computing requirements for the LMS server. It would also reduce the technical database requirements, as the LMS just as to make sure the student gets the module and the LMS uploads the students input as one chunk of data.

Also some of the security restrictions of the LMS could be relaxed. As the course content is "open" there is less need to be able to hide it from the student. For educational purposes you might still only show a little at a time, but this need not be via a highly secure system. As an example, I set Moodle to show students the course material a week at a time, so as not to overload them. But the entire course content is also available in an e-book, so the students can read ahead if they want.

As a thought exercise, it would be interesting to see what Moodle (or any LMS) would look like if modified for this approach.

Less Reliance on Video: Text First

Most MOOCs seem to be heavily reliant on delivery of content through recorded video. This is understandable as it mimics conventional classroom lectures. However, the video requires large volumes of data to be streamed from a server and may overload the system.

An alternative I propose is "Text First": that is a text based document (with still images) in a format such as a web page or e-Book (preferably not PDF and not Flash) is used to provide the educational content. This then has optional video. The student should be able to undertake the entire course without downloading any video.

However, research indicates that video does not improve students results. The students may like the video, but it does not improve their learning. In addition some students can't see the video, due to limited bandwidth or disability. The students who can't see the video require it in a different form (Australian disability law and that of some other countries require this). Some people can't hear the sound and for which closed captions can be provided. However, if the closed captions and text alternatives are embedded in the video, this may still block access.

Interactive Lessons

The most common way for MOOCs to provide interactivity is with short quizzes. These have been shown to greatly improve learning, when interspersed with the content. Moodle has a "Lesson Module" which allows content to be presented to the student, interspersed with short quizzes. However, there is no need to have the quizes delivered live from the LMS, if they are used for formative purposes (that is help the student with their learning during the course), rather than summative assessment (that is test the student at the end). The quiz content can be downloaded to the student's computer, either on its own, or as part of a lesson module. Any results which need to be recorded can then be uploaded.

It should be noted that LMS, such as Moodle, are not designed for creating course content, but for controlling its delivery to the student (along with other interaction). There are packaged formats which can be used, such as IMS Content Packages (an education specific form of eBook) and SCORM Packages (which can include quizzes as well as course content). Moodle (and other LMS) have provision for installing IMS Content Packages and SCORM, then delivering it to the student interactively. However, this will then place a load on the LMS and so it might be better to have a standalone IMS and SCORM program on the student's computer.

Moodle can create some packaged content for export, in a limited way. As an example, Moodle Book modules can be exported as IMS Content Packages. However, rather than use the Moodle Lesson Module, more specialized tools may be needed for Creating SCORM Content.

One problem is that most SCORM delivery software is designed to be part of a centralized LMS such as Moodle. While a SCORM "reader" would not be much more complex to develop than an e-Book reader (like the eBook ePub format, SCORM uses zipped folders of HTML). However, most SCROM software is written for closed for-fee education with centralized administration and student tracking, so an open down-loadable reader would not be welcome.

An alternative to a standalone SCORM reader, would be to convert the SCORM package into HTML, which could then be downloaded. A careful selection of HTML5 features should allow for content which can be downloaded and used off-line in the web browser and with the student's results of the quiz then uploaded next time they are on-line. This could be made compatible with desktop computers, tablets and smart phones, without the need for any extra "App" or custom software, just the standard web browser.

As the course content is open and the quiz results are for formative purposes a high level of security is not needed off-line course reader. HTML5 has built in features for caching content off-line and storing data locally. The results of a quiz will take very little storage and only the simplest form off-line storage will be needed. The course content can be retained as native HTML. Content in other formats, such as PDF or Powerpoint can be retained in their original format and the default viewer used, thus avoiding complex conversions which are usually used with course creation systems.

Sunday, January 13, 2013

e-Learning Course on Green ICT Strategies: Part 21 Progress

In October 2008 I was commissioned to design a twelve week course in "Green IT". This was first run in February 2009 by the ACS. It was then revised and run at ANU in July 2009. The course has been run several times since then by ACS (as well as offered by ACS through Open Universities Australia), and ANU. One of my students then adapted the course for Athabasca University, Canada in 2011, where it has been offered continuously. There is a formal published paper about the course "A Green computing professional education course online: Designing and delivering a course in ICT sustainability using Internet and eBooks" (Worthington, 2012) and presentation. The coruse is next offered by ANU in February 2013 as "COMP7310 ICT Sustainability". Here are blog postings about the development course from the time of commission:
  1. Where to start, October 23, 2008
  2. Learning Outcomes, October 28, 2008
  3. Corrections and Frameworks, October 29, 2008
  4. Online Social Networking Course Coordination, October 30, 2008
  5. SFIA and learning objectives, October 30, 2008
  6. Course Outline, October 30, 2008
  7. Setting up in the LMS, November 05, 2008
  8. Revised Outline, November 07, 2008
  9. Books, November 09, 2008
  10. The Content, December 05, 2008
  11. Other Courses, December 11, 2008
  12. Two Week 7s, December 16, 2008
  13. More Pragmatism, January 02, 2009
  14. Wikiversity version, January 07, 2009
  15. Revision, June 16, 2010
  16. Sustainability, July 19, 2011
  17. Format, July 23, 2011
  18. New Version, August 18, 2011
  19. New Version on web, iPad, Kindle and print, October 10, 2011
  20. Standardized Course Description, February 17, 2012

Wednesday, September 05, 2012

Adapting traditional course structure to the online environment

As part of the free Innovation in Education Showcase at the Australian National University in Canberra, I am giving a repeat performance of my "A Green Computing Professional Education Course Online using eBooks", 12:30pm, 19 September 2012, in the Ethel Tory Centre. Curiously when the program for the event came out, I did not recognize my topic, as it was listed as "Adapting traditional course structure to the on-line environment". I assume I wrote that as the topic and the description (appended).

Recently I have been thinking about how courses can be improved, particularly for e-learning, by what is removed, rather than added. Each time there is a new requirement added or a student queries a point, the tendency is for the teacher to add some more wording or another reading to the course notes. When this gets too complex the tendency is then to add an index or table to explain all the material, thus adding more complexity. Research (and my own recent experience of being a student of education) shows that what students want to know is what is what is required for assessment and what do they have to do next.

Converting a course to a new format, such as on-line, provides the opportunity to consider what is really needed by the student, how much they can be expected to do and what is the logical order to put the material in. The on-line format allows for easy cross referencing, so that for example, an assignment can be described once, with all requirements, including the marking rubric, and then referred to.
12.30 – 1.00pm Adapting traditional course structure to the online environment

Tom Worthington is an award winning online course designer who teaches ANU postgraduate
students how to measure and reduce carbon emissions using computers and the Internet.
Tom discusses how he adapted a traditional course structure to the online environment, with regular integrated assessment, to make an academically sound product which is also popular with students.

Ethel Tory Centre Computer Laboratory 4 (Red Lab)

Monday, October 10, 2011

e-Learning Course on Green ICT Strategies: Part 19 - New Version on web, iPad, Kindle and print

My book "ICT Sustainability: Assessment and Strategies for a Low Carbon Future" was  in limited release (see Part 18), but is is now available a paperback and PDF, ePub, and Kindle eBook formats, as well as free on the web.

ICT Sustainability: Assessment and Strategies for a Low Carbon Future
ICT Sustainability is about how to assess, and reduce, the carbon footprint and materials used with computers and telecommunications. These are the notes for an award winning course on strategies for reducing the environmental impact of computers and how to use the Internet to make business more energy efficient.
Title: ICT Sustainability: Assessment and Strategies for a Low Carbon Future
Copyright © Tom Worthington, 2011
ISBN: 978-1-4478-1454-2. (Paperback and PDF published by Lulu)
ISBN: 978-1-4478-6164-5. (ePub eBook published by LuLu and available via Apple iTunes)
ISBN: 978-0-9806201-9-1. (Kindle eBook published by Tomw Communications Pty, Limited)
These notes are used for the courses:
  1. Green Technology Strategies: offered in the Computer Professional Education Program, Australian Computer Society (first run as "Green ICT Strategies" in February 2009),
  2. Green Information Technology Strategies (COMP7310), in the Graduate Studies Select program, Australian National University (first run July 2009), and
  3. Green ICT Strategies (ACS25): offered in the Postgraduate Program of Open Universities Australia from 2010,
A North American version of the course by Brian Stewart, Athabasca University (Canada) is also available: Green ICT Strategies (COMP 635).
The notes were first published in 2009 ("Green ICT") and updated 2010 ("Green Technology Strategies"). Students can download or print their own copy of the e-book from the course learning management system, which is likely to be more up to date.

Thursday, August 18, 2011

e-Learning Course on Green ICT Strategies: Part 18 - New Version

After considering formats for the green IT course notes (see Part 17), they are now available as a book "ICT Sustainability: Assessment and Strategies for a Low Carbon Future", in limited release as a paperback, with the content also available as a web site. I would welcome corrections and comments.

These are the revised notes for a course offered by the Australian National University (COMP7310), Australian Computer Society (GTS), and Open Universities Australia (ACS25).
The notes have been updated from "Green Technology Strategies: Using computers and telecommunications to reduce carbon emissions" (Worthington, 2009). Changes include:
  1. Skills descriptions: Two SFIA sustainability skills have (SUST: Sustainability strategy and SUAS: Sustainability assessment) replaced the six ICT skills specified previously.
  2. Structure: The course has been divided into two sections, each covering one of the two skills.
  3. Assignment Titles: The descriptions of the two assignments have been changed to match the two skills.
  4. Reference Changes: The number of links to external sources and also internal links (particularly to the Glossary) has been reduced, to avoid confusing the reader. The list of sources cited has been consolidated into one section at the back and Harvard style references used.
  5. Title: ICT Sustainability has replaced Green ICT in the title, to match the skills descriptions used.

Saturday, July 23, 2011

e-Learning Course on Green ICT Strategies: Part 17 - Format


After looking at sustainability skills updates (Part 16), I started some updates of the Green Technology Strategies course using the Moodle Book module. However, this has only limited support for features such as Harvard style references. So I stopped to consider what other publishing software could be used. The course notes are used by the students on-line in Moodle, so Moodle is most convenient for the students to use (and for me to make quick corrections to the material). But Moodle also supports IMS Content packages, which can be created by other software.

AContent

The obvious choice for creating an ISM Content Package is AContent. This is a free open source product, like Moodle and creates IMS content packages. However, there does not appear to be any concept of a referecne (Harvard or otherwise) in the IMS format, not support for these in AContent. Also there is no support for e-book formats, such as EPub in AContent.

Sigil

Another open source e-book creation tool is Sigil . This is an editor for EPub format ebooks. I would be able to create the content with Sigil's XHTML editor and then copy the content to Moodle's Book module. However, I was surprised to find that Sigil (and the EPub format) does not support references either.

Calibre

Calibre is a free ebook management tool. While it can't create content on its own, it should prove useful for converting between formats.

Back to Moodle Book

After installing and trying Sigil and Calibre, I decided to continue with the Moodle Book module to author the content. If I was doing this with others, then AContent would be worth using, but Moodle will do for just me. I will then convert the HTML which Moodle produces to the XHTML EPUB format using Sigil and perhaps tidy up the metadata with Calibre.

Avoiding Complex Citations

I had assumed that the e-publishing formats and tools, particularly those for e-learning, would have referencing built in. That is I would be able to enter the details of a paper , or book and have a reference to it inserted into the boy of the text and the details entered in a bibliography, with the links between the two automatically maintained by the software. But the state of the art seems to be to manually enter the information and hypertext links.

After considering how students will use the e-book I decided to minimize the use of references. Previously I had the text peppered with hypertext links, on the assumption this would be useful for the students to be able to look up a term, or work. However, this created a problem for the students, who then did not know which links were worth clicking on and what they would otherwise miss. As a result I decided previously not to include links to the glossary. Taking this policy further, links to the bibliography do not appear to be worthwhile.

With a paper book, the reader can turn to a reference in the back of the book, to see what work is being referred to. However, almost all the references in my coruse notes are to on-line documents. It therefore makes little sense to have the reader click on a citation link, be taken to the back of the book, only to then have to click on another link to be taken to the actual work. It would be simpler to place a link directly to the work in the body of the text. The list of references can be retained at the back of the book, but mainly only as a resource for those reading an off-line copy.

Not including links to references coincidently makes the material easier to format, removing the need for so many links.

Tuesday, July 19, 2011

e-Learning Course on Green ICT Strategies: Part 16 - Sustainability

This is to request comments and suggestions for the revision of "Green Technology Strategies", used in courses run by the Australian National University (COMP7310), Australian Computer Society (GTS), and Open Universities Australia (ACS25). The course has been run successfully twice in the last year. However, changes are needed due to progress with sustainability skills standards and the Australian Government Carbon Emissions Strategy.

Sustainability Skills Standards

In Part 15 of this series I mentioned how the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) had introduced sustainability job skills, which I need to align the course with. Version 4 of the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) introduced four sustainability skills for IT professionals. SFIA Version 5 is now in preparation, but there are no differences proposed for the sustainability skills:
  1. SUST: Sustainability strategy
  2. SUMI: Sustainability management for IT
  3. SUAS: Sustainability assessment
  4. SUEN: Sustainability engineering
Of these, SUST: Sustainability strategy and SUAS: Sustainability assessment fit most closely with the course's intent. The course splits naturally into two parts, with two assignments in the summative assessment:
  1. Write a report on the carbon footprint of the ICT operations of your organization.
  2. Write a report identify ways to reduce the carbon footprint of your organization.
It would therefore seem reasonable to align these with the corresponding skills:
  1. Sustainability assessment: Write a report on the carbon footprint of the ICT operations of your organization (SUAS).
  2. Sustainability strategy: Write a report identify ways to reduce the carbon footprint of your organization (SUST).
At the same time the weekly course modules could be rearranged to fit these headings. The current modules are designed to fit with the SFIA categories previously used. However, this results in audit being in the second half of the course, whereas the assignment on assessment (which covers audit) is in the first half, before the students have reached this material.

Here is a proposed restructure, linked to the current chapters:
  1. Politics, Science and Business of Sustainability
  2. Sustainability assessment
  3. Sustainability strategy
Australian Government Carbon Emissions Strategy

On 10 July 2011, the Australian Government released its "Clean Energy Future" strategy, including an initial carbon price of $23 per Tonne. The carbon price will only be levied on very large carbon emitters, with numerous exemptions and compensation for industry sectors and individuals. It is unlikely that any IT companies will be large enough emitters to be included in the scheme, but IT systems will be needed to assess and audit emissions and implement strategies for reductions.

The course currently uses a 2008 draft of the National Carbon Offset Standard. This was finalized and released in 1 July 2010. The Australian Government strategy says under "Accounting and audit issues":
"The accounting treatment of permits and auditing of carbon pollution will be determined in accordance with international standards, as adopted in Australia, to ensure that the cost of capital is minimised."

The National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 provides for greenhouse and energy audits and appointment of Registered Greenhouse and Energy Auditors. , with requriements in the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Audit) Determination 2009. There is a National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Audit Determination Handbook (Word 1MB) and Auditor requirements. I have asked the Australian Government if the carbon offset standard is to be used for this. The standard refers to "suitably qualified auditors" and I have asked the government to include any of the postgraduate qualifications which include the green IT course. In any case it would be appropriate to use the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Audit Determination Handbook as a guide for the student's work.

Assessment

The appendix on assessment will need to be generalized as the assessment procedures of ACS, ANU and OU have diverged since the material was drafted (as an example, ACS and ANU use different grading schemes) . However, the questions and overall scheme can be retained.

The format of having weekly discussion questions for formative assessment, plus a mid and end of course assignments for summative assessment worked well. Asking the students what is happening in their organization has worked well. Those students without an organization adopt one. In particular a scheme run with ANU Green, where students are assigned to work with an IT manager from part of the university has worked well.

The two assignment questions could be of value more generally in professional skills courses:
  1. How is what is covered in this course done currently in your organization?
  2. How do you suggest improving it in your organization?
Formatting and Reference Changes

While revising the content it would be worth also making some changes to the format of the material. The primary way the students use the material is as a Moodle Learning Management System "Book Module", essentially a web based e-Book.

The e-book within the Learning Management System has worked well and should be retained. However, one change would be to include the URLs (web addresses) of works referenced explicitly in the text. This assists where the student reads the material on paper (and thus cannot click on a link to see what it is). It also helps to show students how formal references should be done.

Other versions of the material were derived from the Moodle Book, including electronic editions as web pages, IMS content package, PDF, Kindle and iPad e-books and print editions: hardback, paperback and large print.

The printed versions of the book have not proved popular. It may be worth retaining the paperback edition, but drop the other print editions. Few are wiling to pay the extra cost for a hardback book and the electronic version is likely to be preferred to large print for those with limited eyesight.

Of the electronic editions, the PDF version can be created as a byproduct of the print edition (which uses PDF for typesetting). The web pages, IMS content package, Kindle and iPad e-books are all easily created from the Moodle book module.

An improvement would be to provide the web version as one web page, rather than splitting the document into a web page per chapter. This would reduce the effort required to produce the material as Moodle can export the entire book as one web page. This would also allow the reader to easily save a copy of the whole document. At less than 1 Mbyte, the file will not be excessively large.

Course Title

Both the SFIA skills and the Australian government policy refer to "sustainability", so it may be worth replacing "green" in the course title with a title such as: "Sustainable Technology Assessment Strategies".

Wednesday, April 20, 2011

ACS Business Skills Fourth Access

After selecting courses for theACS Business Skills On-Line Pilot Program, I thought I should start. But how do I start a course?

The online system has a list of the courses I selected. When I click on the first I see a brief description, a title "Lesson Objectives" (with nothing under it), a Course Overview, two "Job Aids", "Skill Briefs". There are links from the aids and briefs. But I don't see a link to the actual course content.

There was an icon for "download", which brought up a pop-up window saying "You must install the SkillSoft Course Manager before downloading course content. Click OK if you would like to start this installation.". When I clicked on that it opened a further window telling me to print out the instructions before installing the "SkillSoft Course Manager" (whatever that is).When I then started the download, my browser crashed.

The instructions provided were somewhat confusing, saying the SkillSoft Course Manager was optional. But I could not find any way into the course, apart from downloading it. There is mention of being able to "play" courses on the web server while connected to the network, which seems to suggest the courses are in the form of video (or something else playable). There is then mention of security, licences, proxies, Windows Vista / Internet Explorer 7.0 protected mode.

At this point I have got as far as I can without asking for assistance. Normally I would send a mail message or enter one in the online help forum. But there was a live help chat window offered, so I thought I would try that. It displayed Please wait, you are next in line." so I started my stopwatch and waited. After about a minute I got a text message to say the helper was retrieving my details and under that a Flash window. I then had a text box to type into. The helper told me to click on the "play the course" link. It turned out this was a triangle on the screen with the ALT text label of "Launch Course ...".

Unfortunately clicking the course launch button crashed my browser. I was then asked to do a browser test, which also crashed the browser. I was then taken through checking the configuration of the browser. Then I was asked to delete all the Java temporary files. After 22 minutes we were still working our way through the process. It got complicated when I had to open the Java console and make some entries for SkillSoft.

When I tried to play the course it again crashed the browser. Impressively I was able to reconnect to the online chat and the help person was waiting for me. They suggested I reinstall Java, but as the application requires JRE 1.6.0_21 and I already have JRE 1.6.0_24, that should not be a problem. By now it was 35 minutes since asking for help and I was thinking it might have been better to send a message.

At the last minute it occurred to me to ask if it made a difference that I was running Linux. The helper advised that Linux was not guaranteed to work. Given I had spend more than thirty minutes trying to get the course to play and it was not guaranteed to work anyway, I decided it was time to abandon the attempt.

ACS Business Skills Third Access

After seeing I could navigate the ACS Business Skills On-Line Pilot Program, I thought I should select some courses. One annoyance I have found is the log-on screen has an option for accessibility, but I have to click this each time I enter the site, the option does not appeared to be remembered in my learner profile.

Last time I got as far as finding there was noting in "My Plan", which I need to populate by selecting some courses. What is confusing is that I do not appear to be able to add courses from "My Plan" but have to instead navigate my way to the catalogue.

At the catalogue I was confronted with "Your current selection is My Assignment". It is always worrying for any student to be told that they have an assignment to do. My "Reflections of an Online Student" describes the worry caused by not knowing what I had to do in the last online course I tried. In this case I can't work out what "My Assignment" is, as when I click on it, nothing seems to happen.

Further down on the same screen I am offered: 1 Hour Courseware, Business Skills Curricula, IT Professional Curricula and Business Exploration Series. These appear to be selections of courses (with then sub-folders and sub-sub-folders with further categories of courses).

Judging by the first branch of this tree, there appear to be about 60 courses in total offered for the pilot. The problem with this is that there is too much choice and not enough information on which to make a decision. This contrasts with the UK's Open University, which provides fuller descriptions for its courses.

Also the descriptions do not appear to be accurate, as an example I selected "Emotional Intelligence Essentials" from the 1 Hour Course-ware, but found it was made up of two modules, each of one hour, making it a total of two hours (not one).

I clicked to add the course to my plan and was asked for a "Goal". At this point my goal was to add the course to my plan, but I assume this was intended to be a description of what I wanted from the course. But like any student, what I want to do is complete the course and at least pass. There was also a "due date" set to tomorrow (which seems reasonable for a two hour course). There is an option to send me a reminder, which I assume this is in the absence of a human tutor to remind me to do my work.

Then I added a second course on "soft skills", which also had the default completion date of tomorrow. This seems less reasonable, as it assumes I am going to do three hours of courses in one day.

I added several more courses. It is not clear to me what happens next. Am I promoted to start the courses? Is there some sort of introduction to how to do such courses first?

Tuesday, April 19, 2011

ACS Business Skills Second Access

After making sure I could access the ACS Business Skills On-Line Pilot Program, I thought I should select some courses. Like any student the first thing I did was click on the first link on the web site "My Plan".

The welcome email message had an attachment ("Tips for E-learning"), but this was in hard to read PDF format so I had ignored it (as the average student would). But I went back and read it. It was difficult to get the document as when I click on the link in the message, it appears nothing happens, as the PDF downloads in the background (this document should be in the body of the message or on the web site, not an attachment). The tips were disappointing, being one A4 page, with thinks like "Make time for e-Learning".

So I went back to "My Plan" and found it said " You currently have no items in your plan.". It might be a god idea to provide an introductory course to get the students used to the system and provide help in setting up a plan. There was a link for help, so I pressed it and ended up in "SkillPort" (which I assume isn the name for the e-learning system), in another window, with a familiar looking help interface format. But these seemed to be instructions on how to work the interface, not help me select courses.

But that is all the time I have for the moment.

Monday, April 18, 2011

ACS Business Skills First Access

A few days after the Austrlaian Computer Society told me I was selected as one of the initial students for the pilot is running an ACS Business Skills On-Line Pilot Program. I received an email message with the user-id and password. It was a slight inconvenience that my ACS id and password were not used for course access (perhaps this will be fixed after the trial).

The initial log-on screen had a friendly introduction and an interesting box to tick for "Enable Web Accessibility" (which I ticked as I am interested in web accessibility ). I entered the given id and password, was prompted to change the password and was then in the training system.

I was worried the interface would be in Flash, but I was presented with a readable text based interface (with a few images) and three main options: "My Plan", "My Progress" and Catalogue. At that point I was called away to dinner (as is usual for part time students).

Thursday, April 14, 2011

ACS Business Skills On-Line Pilot Program

The Austrlaian Computer Society is running an ACS Business Skills On-Line Pilot Program. I was selected as one of the initial students. The pilot is from mid April to the end of July 2011 and I have to do at least 3 courses (there are 80 to choose from). These are short one to four hour web based units, with multiple choice questions.

This will be an interesting process. While I am a course designer and tutor for the ACS Computer Professional Education Program, that runs semester long postgraduate university style units, each taking about 120 hours. I did briefly consider the idea of chopping my Green ICT course up into very small modules, this was not feasible. While the course is designed with a topic each week, each of these is still ten hours work, larger than the typical short course. Also the material is designed to build week by week, so it would take considerable work to make the topics stand alone. Also the teaching method for CPEP relies on student group collaboration. This differs from the typical short course which can be done in isolation. In addition my green ICT course uses mostly tradiitional text based material (admittedly in e-book format for laptop, tablet computer or iPhione). The typical short course uses lots of visuals and lamination.

Friday, April 01, 2011

Learning To Teach Online Online

UNSW has a series of "Learning To Teach Online Episodes". These consist of about twenty videos with sets of notes. The videos are five to then minutes each in interview format. The notes are about five pages of useful content, with some very useful references (and three pages of marketing material). This should be very useful for teachers new to online education and also for those more familiar with it but trying to convince their colleagues of the value. While useful the episodes are not perfect. Some of the videos are slow to load and PDF is not a good format for providing online education notes in (HTML would be better). As it is I see a large video window displaying a please wait icon and then have to click to get the notes, which then takes me away from the video window, then I come back to the video window and get more "please wait". It would be simpler to display the notes in the web page with a small window for the video.

Wednesday, February 09, 2011

Structuring the e-Document Course

Previously I grouped 8 SFIA Skills for an Electronic Document and Records Management course at the ANU under three headings:
  1. Strategy & architecture
  2. Business change
  3. Solution development and implementation
This is still too much to do in a six week course. The third heading was also a little too technical for this sort of course, so I dropped"Solution development and implementation".

This leaves:
  1. Strategy & architecture
  2. Business change

Under these I have to fit the topics:

Somewhere in here I need to discuss:
  1. Records Management
  2. Metadata
  3. Information Structures
  4. Electronic Document Formats
  5. Social Networking/Web 2.0/Gov 2.0
  6. Implementation in Business
I could fit most of these topics under the SFIA headings:
  1. Strategy & architecture
  2. Business change
But e-Document Formats and Social Networking/Web 2.0/Gov 2.0 do not appear to fit anywhere in the SFIA scheme. This may be similar to the situation when I designed a Green ICT course and SFIA had no categories for such skills. SFIA responded by adding the categories, but it took more than a year from my making the request to implementation.

Monday, December 27, 2010

E-learning handbook for university staff

The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) produced "e-Learning: Stride Handbook 8" (Sanjaya Mishra, 2009) as a E-learning handbook for university staff. This is a 152 page 1.7M Byte PDF document avialable free online. This is a compilation of contributed chapters by authors around the world, including Leigh Blackall, University of Canberra.

The e-learning manual is one of a series of 15, produced by IGNOU's Staff Training and Research Institute of Distance Education (STRIDE):
  1. Open and Distance Education (P.K. Biswas & Ashok Gaba)
  2. Effective Learning (Sanjaya Mishra)
  3. Academic Counselling in Open and Distance Learning (Manjulika Srivastava)
  4. Assessment and Evaluation in Distance Learning (Basanti Pradhan & P.K. Biswas)
  5. Development and Revision of Self-Learning Materials (C.R.K. Murthy)
  6. Editing in Distance Education (P.R. Ramanujam)
  7. Media and Technology in Distance Education (Santosh Panda)
  8. eLearning (Sanjaya Mishra)
  9. Support Services in Distance Education (R. Satyanarayana) (Under development)
  10. Planning and Management of Distance Education (Madhu Parhar)
  11. Cost Analysis in Open and Distance Learning (Ashok Gaba)
  12. Programme Evaluation in Open and Distance Education (Basanti Pradhan & G. Mythili)
  13. Psychological Skills for Open and Distance Learning (P.K. Biswas)
  14. Staff Training and Development in Open and Distance Education (Dr. Sanjaya Mishra)

e-Learning: Stride Handbook 8
Contents
Foreword 1
About the Handbook 2
PART A E-Learning: Conceptual Overviews
Chapter 1: Pedagogical Affordances of Technology by Som Naidu 4
Chapter 2: Managerial Perspectives on e-Learning by Tony Bates 14
Chapter 3: Designing Online Learning by Sanjaya Mishra 28
Chapter 4: Level of Media Interactivity by Jon Baggaley 36
Chapter 5: The Global e-Learning Framework by Badrul H. Khan 42
PART B E-Learning: Technologies and their Applications
Chapter 6: Electronic Mail by Sanjaya Mishra 52
Chapter 7: Mailing Lists by Steve McCarty 56
Chapter 8: Asynchronous Conferences, Discussion Forums by Neil Harris and Maria Sandor 60
Chapter 9: Podcasting: a learning technology by Palitha Edirisingha and Anguelina Papova 66
Chapter 10: Online Video by Kevin Burden 70
Chapter 11: Using Collaborative Video for e-Learning by Leigh Blackall 76
Chapter 12: Synchronous Conferencing by Jon Baggaley 80
Chapter 13: Webcasting by Punya Mishra and M. Laeeq Khan 84
Chapter 14: Blogs in Learning by Stephen Downes 88
Chapter 15: Wikis by Ke Zhang and Stacey DeLoose 92
Chapter 16: Social Networking by Terry Anderson 96
Chapter 17: Social Bookmarking (Delicious) in Education by Gabriela Grosseck 102
Chapter 18: Slideshows by Brian Kelly 106
Chapter 19: Virtual Worlds by Sanjaya Mishra 110
Chapter 20: Really Simple Syndication by Sanjaya Mishra 114
Chapter 21: Using Micro-blogging (Twitter) in Teaching and Learning by Andy Ramsden 118
Chapter 22: Concept Mapping in e-Learning by Alberto J. Canas, Priit Reiska and Joseph D. Novak 122
Chapter 23: Interactive Whiteboards by Rozhan M. Idrus and Raja Maznah Binti Raja Hussain 128
Chapter 24: Web Surveys and Quizzes by Sanjaya Mishra 132
Chapter 25: Learning Management Systems by Sanjaya Mishra 134
List of Contributors 140 ...

about the handbook

... The Handbook has two parts: Conceptual overviews and technology applications. Many textbooks, research papers and reference materials have already been written about e- learning, and this one could easily get lost in that wealth of information, but for the conscious approach taken by the Editor to involve international scholars to share their ideas and experiences that could provide diversity and richness of the philosophy, technology and practices surrounding e-learning. So, you have 25 Chapters written by 26 experienced and emerging experts in the field of e-learning, sharing with you tips for successful use of e-learning technologies. You can use this Handbook in a linear manner from Chapter one to the end or read a specific chapter depending on your interest and immediate need and relevance. Most chapters provide you practical tips, resources and references to further reading, and we encourage you to go beyond this Handbook. Apart from the references and links provided in each of the chapters, we would direct you to another publication, released by the University of Colorado, Denver (Lawenthal, et al, 2009). ...

From: "e-Learning: Stride Handbook 8", Mishra, S., Ed., IGNOU, New Delhi, ISBN: 978-81-266-4451-3, 2009.

Wednesday, December 15, 2010

Web 2.0 Education to Rescue Governments from Social Networking Chaos

Rob Obrien at Asia Pacific FutureGov asked if I would like to write 1400 words on how my new course "Electronic Document and Records Management" (COMP7420) could help Asian governments. So I thought I would draft it here:

Web 2.0 Education to Rescue Governments from Social Networking Chaos

WikiLeaks has shown the embarrassment which can be caused to government from the unauthorised release of electronic information. But it is not just the deliberate unauthorised release of information which can cause problems, there is also inadvertent release of information via social networking web sites. Government power is under threat from so-called Web 2.0 tools, taking on the role of coordinating discussion of community issues.

President Obahama has popularised the idea of using the Internet to inform and consult citizens with Whitehouse 2.0, using numerous social networking web sites, including Facebook and Twitter.com. However, behind this seeming effortless announcements are public officials with years of practical experience of dealing with public communication online. These are rare skills in most government agencies.

Simply announcing that Facebook and Twitter will be used for communicating with citizens can lead to disastrous results, with many public officials discovering the dangers of making an ill considered remark online.

Also citizens soon tire of having government announcements simply thrust at them via social networking sites. These are supposed to be about two way communication and the citizens want to have a genuine say in what government does. Such demands can be threatening for public officials who are used to controlling the discussion.

A genuine public discussion of issues also requires information about what government knows and has done in the past. New governments tend to make grand announcements about "openness" but then quickly close off information access when they realise how difficult this can be to manage. But government are quickly realising that Internet access to information is difficult to control.

On 16 July 2010, Lindsay Tanner, Minister for Finance and Deregulation, in the Australian Government issued a Declaration of Open Government. This stated three key principles for informing citizens, engaging with citizens and making government more participative. To make this concrete, on on 1 November 2010 changes to Freedom of Information legislation came into force to provide greater access to government information and an Office of the Australian Information Commissioner was created to oversee this. In addition, the Intellectual Property Principles for Australian Government agencies were changed by the Attorney General's Department, 1 October 2010.

The Australian Government changes are closely bound up with concepts developed for, and promoted via, information technology. The new government IP principles call for the use of a Creative Commons licence, allowing citizens to freely use government information. FOI laws assume online access to government information. The first Freedom of Information Commissioner appointed is Dr James Popple an Adjunct Lecturer in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the Australian National University, with expertise in artificial intelligence applied to the law.

Recognising the need for government staff to be familiar with information technology, the Australian National University has created a course on how the use of the Internet effects an organization's electronic document and records management strategy.

Electronic Document and Records Management (COMP7420), is being offered by the ANU from 14 February 2011. The six week course is conducted course entirely online via the web, with students able to take part from anywhere in the world. Online forums give students the opportunity to practice discussing complex issues in a safe, controlled environment.

Web 2.0 and social networking have created a demand for rapid access to information in commercial and not-for-profit organisations. Government 2.0 provides open access and greater involvement in the decision making of government. Smart phones and tablet computers using wireless networks allow mobile access to cloud computing resources world wide. This poses a challenge for organisations to provide access and input, while maintaining the security and integrity of records, and the privacy of personal information. Students can investigate how traditional records management techniques and document formats have been adapted to the Internet era.

The use of web technology for practical e-commerce and e-publishing applications is emphasised using case studies, standards and guidelines of real organisations. Emphasis is placed on the information needs of Australian government agencies, but is also applicable to the private sector. This course identifies the steps that can be taken to accelerate the uptake of electronic documents by government, in conjunction with small and medium-sized enterprises. It enables the participant to learn practical skills for incorporating e-commerce into their organisation. The focus is on document representation, knowledge discovery, storage and retrieval.

Course designer, Tom Worthington, previously headed an Australian Government committee which developed electronic document management policy for government agencies. He brings to the task decades of experience at dealing with complex legal, social and policy issues in an online environment.

Traditional courses assume the student will work on set exercises and then after graduation go out into the world. In this course students are encouraged to bring their day job into the virtual classroom. Students are asked to relate what they are studying to what they are doing in the workplace. Assignments are written from the point of view of the employer, with the intention that developed policies and strategies will be submitted to the student's supervisor.

Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Electronic Document, Records and Social Networking

In defining skills for an Electronic Document and Records Management course at the ANU, I previously looked at using the UK Government Knowledge and Information Management Professional Skills Framework, SFIA, and the ASA/RMAA Statement of Knowledge for Recordkeeping Professionals. Then I talked to people from National Archives of Australia and RMAA. Last of all I talked to people who enquired about doing a course. The last group is most important, being the potential students, but before I could talk to them I need to have something to offer them.

What potential students seemed to want was:
  1. Reassurance they could do a university course: Many in the records management area have a qualification gained years ago from a TAFE. They are not sure if they would be accepted by a university, particularly by the ANU, Australia's leading university. What I have to do is reassure them that if they have experience at working in an organisation, writing documents, they will be able to do the course.
  2. Guide as to what to do: The course I am designing is only six weeks long. This provides a useful introduction to further studies, but does not provide a complete qualification. The ANU doesn't offer a complete program in records management, but does have Graduate Studies Select , where students can pick subjects from across the university and from University of Southern Queensland (USQ) and Charles Darwin University (CDU) as well.
  3. Integration of records management with content management systems: A common question asked was about the integration of a records management system (mostly Trim or RecordPoint) with a content management system (mostly SharePoint).
  4. Social Networking: The typical comment is that e-mail is integrated with the records management system, but that is about all. So only about 5% of the electronic documents of the organisation are in the corporate records system. What to do with Twitter and the like has not even been thought about.
Previously I identified 8 Skills in SFIA relevant to the course (plus Procurement and the Quality management skills). There is not room in six weeks for all of that. So cutting it down further, I have:
  1. Strategy & architecture
  2. Business change
  3. Solution development and implementation
This is getting close to something usable.

Somewhere in here I need to discuss:
  1. Records Management
  2. Metadata
  3. Information Structures
  4. Electronic Document Formats
  5. Social Networking/Web 2.0/Gov 2.0
  6. Implementation in Business



Wednesday, December 01, 2010

Tailoring e-learning templates to different disciplines

Greetings from the Australian National University where the science teaching staff have been looking at some of the best of the the implementation of courses in the Moodle Learning Management System. This year the ANU transition from Web CT to Moodle. Here therefore second generation designs of mature on-line learning materials.

It was interesting to see, even though the university provides templates for courses, there is a wide diversity and innovation in the way courses are laid out. This partly reflects the requirements of different disciplines. The course for a course in mathematics looks very different to one for ecology or science journalism. It was interesting to see that the design used reflected the discipline, with the mathematics course looking "mathematical" the ecology one having photos of the natural world and the journalism course mimicking a newspaper.

Some issues were the difficulty of creating a hierarchical structure in Moodle's relatively flat approach. There was no easy way to communicate high priority announcements to the students without them getting lost on the routine on-line discussion. Also integration of external tools, such as VotaPedia, was an issue. It was interesting the different approaches to how to overcome these problems. An example is that I have found the Moodle Book module to create a deep hierarchical structure, but some others have used a different approach.

What was most useful was the mutual affirmation that using LMS was now an acceptable and routine way to teach and that some diversity was okay.

Tuesday, November 30, 2010

Teaching Skills for Open Government

After the excellent seminar "Using Creative Commons in the Public Sector" in Parliament House last week, I am rethinking the design of my Electronic Data Management Course at the ANU. My attempts to define skills for an got bogged down in the details of the UK Government Knowledge and Information Management Professional Skills Framework, SFIA, and the ASA/RMAA Statement of Knowledge for Recordkeeping Professionals. Instead I perhaps can look at what the Australian Government is aiming to achieve and then teach what is needed to achieve that.

On 16 July 2010, Lindsay Tanner, Minister for Finance and Deregulation, issued a Declaration of Open Government. This identified three key principles:
  • Informing: strengthening citizen’s rights of access to information, establishing a pro-disclosure culture across Australian Government agencies including through online innovation, and making government information more accessible and usable;
  • Engaging: collaborating with citizens on policy and service delivery to enhance the processes of government and improve the outcomes sought; and
  • Participating: making government more consultative and participative.
Changes to Freedom of Information and the creation of the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner came into force on 1 November 2010.

The Intellectual Property Principles for Australian Government agencies" were changed by the Attorney General's Department, 1 October 2010:

11. (a) Agencies should encourage public use and easy access to material that has been published for the purpose of :

  • informing and advising the public of government policy and activities;
  • providing information that will enable the public and organisations to understand their own obligations and responsibilities to Government;
  • enabling the public and organisations to understand their entitlements to government assistance;
  • facilitating access to government services; or
  • complying with public accountability requirements.
...

11.(b) Consistent with the need for free and open re-use and adaptation, public sector information should be licensed by agencies under the Creative Commons BY standard as the default.

Government Information Licensing Framework (GILF) adopted by the Queensland Government:
The Government Information Licensing Framework (GILF) makes it easy for people who use public sector information (PSI) to understand the rights of use associated with the material.

GILF comprises: